By Nashalla G Nyinda Menpa TMD, MA Acu

In my last piece, Stop, Breathe and Embody… I introduced many concepts about breathing and  the healing power of mindful breathing. The influence of ancient yogic principles clearing  blockages in the channels stabilizes our meditation practice and its well-documented ability to relax the nervous system for anxiety. This has modern science in a buzz and increased the  popularity of many non-secular meditative practices, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress  Reduction, etc. 

I have given live teachings where I have introduced some of the Western science behind how the  breath interacts within our central nervous system. It can stimulate and increase the  parasympathetic rest and digest phase, accompanying countless health benefits, including  decreased inflammation, pain, and release from depression and anxiety. 

Our breath, when linked to the mind-body practices found worldwide in traditional and  indigenous cultures, is undoubtedly a tool of transformation. Let us dig deeper into some  historical contexts behind yogic breath work and more advanced practices in Vajrayāna  Buddhism. 

What does Tibetan Yogic breathing have to do with our path to realization? 

Once we move from basic calm abiding stable meditation, where the mind and breath are one,  the space between intrusive thoughts is more expansive, the object of support (breath) is less  hyperfocal, undertaking mediative concentration is less effortful, we are more open, relaxed,  present. Naturally, we then move deeper into insight meditation. 

This natural progression in our meditation practice allows an easeful transformation within our  gross body. We develop more refined states of being, with purified aspects of clearing out ones,  own mental and physical obscurations, distilling luminous reality which trickles down into the  84,000 subtle pathways and channels of the body. 

Specifically, this means that when we do generation and completion stage practices, either with  frontal or self-visualizations, we can develop a more clean experience into our own Buddha  nature. Intrinsic bliss develops out of this process of certainty in our mediation. More constant  connection within the mind-body union occurs with much greater ease. Breath and yogic  practices with visualization are a natural part of this development in Vajrayāna Buddhism. 

We develop the Vajra Body through the progress of visualization practices defined as generation  and completion stage practice. Here, we practice letting go of the ordinary gross body with the  “three faults” of rLung, mKhrispa, and Badkan. These “three faults” are often called the “three  bodily humors” and are associated with pathophysiology in traditional Tibetan Medicine.  Otherwise, very often translated as “wind,” “bile/fire,” and “earth & water/phlegm,” — these  three have a direct association with the three root poisons we know so well as “attachment,  anger, and ignorance.”

An authentic and present meditative experience of this kind of subtle body transformation can  only begin when we settle the mind, experiencing integrated mind, breath, and body.  Transforming and visualizing oneself, all beings as exemplarity and perfected deities take faith  and clarity from the settled mind. A settled mind comes directly from breath and body union. 

The practices we do in generating various deities also include reciting the mantra associated with  whatever deity we have been developing a relationship with. This way, we have a union with  body, mind, and speech. 

During the practices associated with the generation and completion stage, tantric practitioners  use yogic breath techniques and mental inner and outer visualization to develop a blissful  presence based on non-thought. All of this is performed without attachment, thereby developing  one’s awakening to their own Buddha nature. This is what we mean when we speak of the  development of the Vajra Body in generation-stage mediation. 

Vajra Body derives its meaning from what happens internally from Buddhist Vajrayana tantric teachings. 

One aspect to understand in this definition of the Vajra (indestructible) body relates to a  transformation we undergo as we purify the gross form through our meditative practices. This  happens when breath and visualization unionize with a stable mind. The essence of generation  stage practice development is where the gross human body is transformed into a refined and pure  state. This becomes the indestructible (like a diamond) Vajra Body. This also refers to the body  of an enlightened Buddha – the awakened one. 

You often see references in numerous sutras or instructions to visualizing a deity, or oneself, with  the 32 Major and 80 minor marks of a fully awakened, perfectly complete Buddha. The most  important to understand here is the connection to our organs, which are healthy, unimpaired, and  clear of disease and bodily constituent imbalances. In such a state, the five senses are directly  associated with significant organ functions and, in perfected and clarified states, now operate  with sharpness and precision. Meaning, we are experiencing our form as stainless as possible. 

Naturally, this makes cognition sharper, sensation more vivid, clairvoyance and particular aspects  often thought to be magical, or signs of accomplishment develop within us when this is  accomplished over the long practice within meditative equipoise. 

I often instruct in Medicine Buddha teachings about why we need to understand that the  generation stage is not a made-up construct we simply imagine. Instead, through our minds’  stability, breath, and body in harmony, we can drop into a state of who we are. Clear,  enlightened, and cognizant of our ability. From there, we operate generating in a state of the  Vajra Body to help and assist all beings without concepts or bias. 

This is why you too will hear descriptions of our need to visualize the faultless traits of the  Buddha. This encourages the development of one’s own intrinsic explicit nature to shine. This is  not something only Buddhas can experience!

Remember, the Buddha is not a god, as we may conceptualize such terms from other religious  terminology. Buddha is an ordinary man, and through lifetimes of self-development, he worked  to awaken his enlightened nature. He became the “Buddha” — an awake being with an  enlightened body. 

This also links us back to those pathophysiology connections to our three foundational root  poisons, which directly obscure each human’s radiant Buddha nature. 

Wiping the dust from the eyes:
Awaking Buddha Nature. 

Being the “all victorious one” refers to transmuting the material components of “body” and  “form” — concepts of our pathology linked to faulty mind states. The same mental states  growing from ignorance’s primary root poison is trapping us in a form we experience as limiting.  Human sense functions and perceptions can separate us from our enlightened state. Likewise,  these same potions can be transmuted into wisdom states, setting us free and wiping the dust  from our eyes. The perishable temporary human body is the essence of impermanence grasping  at form. A Vajra Body state indicates we have transmuted into an indestructible state called the  Dharmakāya, or “absolute body” and “truth/reality body.” 

Dharmakāya is one of the three bodies (Trikāya) of a Buddha as defined in the Mahāyāna  Buddhist tradition. Tantric practice develops over multiple stages, with specific transmission and  instruction. Practitioners visualize and generate their bodies into the divine absolute. This  generation-stage development of the subtle body is also reflected and defined as Vajra Body. It is  a higher state of the body where the unity of all things and beings, un-manifested in the universe,  are experienced without attachment or form beyond our conceptual mind. The Dharmakāya is the  experience of “suchness” beyond existence or nonexistence. 

Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche called the Dharmakāya “The basis of the original unbornness.” This  is what the actual generation of a Vajra Body entails. Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche describes in  Wonders of the Natural Mind: The Essence of Dzogchen in the Native Bon Tradition of Tibet  (Snow Lion, 2000), “The Dharmakaya is the emptiness of the natural state of reality; the  Sambhogakaya is the clarity of the natural state; the Nirmanakaya is the movement of energy  that arises from the inseparability of emptiness and clarity.” 

Body, Mind, Speech:
Breath as Vehicle: The Six Yogas of Naropa 

Traditionally in three years, three months, and three days retreat, the meditative student is ready,  having completed their preliminary practices, known as Ngöndro. 

In all the sects or schools of Tibetan Buddhism, various preliminary practices are based on  Mahāyāna principles that are not just a box to check off the list to move into tantric ritual but are  specifically prescribed before beginning completion stage yoga practices. They lay a stable  foundation fund to transform the subtle inner body. They clean the vessel, which we then use to  transform into the absolute, or Vajra Body. 

Such preliminary practices typically include turning one’s thoughts to the impermanent and  transient nature of suffering in a human body, often called “turning ones mind to the dharma.” 

Once you know there is freedom from suffering, you seek the tools to unify body, speech, and  mind and cultivate the awakening and realization of your inner wisdom. This is done by typically  taking refuge, cultivating the aspiration of bodhicitta, guru yoga, deity yoga, and dedication of  merit. Ngöndro practices work directly on the pathophysiology of the three root poisons on all  body, speech, and mental levels. Utilizing breathing practices assists in every aspect of Ngöndro. 

The Six Yogas of Naropa are also called The Six Dharmas. These are a collection of tantric  Buddhist completion stage practices drawn from the Buddhist tantras. They are intended to lead  to Buddhahood in an accelerated manner. They traditionally require tantric initiation and  personal instruction through working with a tantric guru and various preliminary practices. The  six dharmas mainly work with the subtle body by generating inner heat (Tummo) energy. 

Nāropa famously learned the six dharmas from his teacher Tilopa. Nāropa’s student Marpa taught  the famous yogi Milarepa. Milarepa taught his student Gampopa, whose meditation manuals  covering the six dharmas are collected in the Dakpö Kambum. These writings then served as the  basis for Gampopa to the various Kagyu schools and lineages, which carry these teachings in an  unbroken lineage. 

The Kagyu and Gelug schools commonly practice the six yogis or six dharmas, initiation or  empowerment into at least one Anuttarayogatantra system. Anuttarayogatantra translates as the  Highest Yoga Tantra or Unexcelled Yoga Tantra. These are esoteric tantric Indian Buddhist texts  which are part of the Kangyur or the ‘Translated Words of the Buddha’ within the Tibetan  Buddhist canon. The Practice of its Generation Stage is the bases for the practice of the six  dharmas. 

The Six Dharmas: 

1. Tummo ག”མ་མོ་ Inner heat yoga 
2. Ösel འོད་གསལ་ clear light, radiance, or luminosity yoga 
3. Milam རྨི་ལམ་ Dream state yoga 
4. Gyulü སྒྱུ་ལུས་ Illusory body yoga 
5. Bardo བར་དོ་ Intermediate state yoga 
6. Phowa: འཕོ་བ་ Transference of consciousness 

To these six primary dharmas practiced in a three-year retreat, there are Other dharmas,  sometimes grouped with the six dharmas are supplementary practices. The most famous is  Karmamudrā, a union of one’s male and female aspects and wisdom, performed physically or  visually, which cannot be done without first accomplishing the first yoga, Tummo, inner heat  yoga, and generation-stage practice. Likewise, this is true of the transfer of mindstream into a  recently deceased body and self-liberation. 

This leads us back to the need to develop mind, body, and breath stabilization. Not only to  perform the essential preliminaries but also to hold a stable mind, develop purification of the 

inner body, and prepare the 84,000 channels for transformation practices like inner heat yoga.  Each of these requires a harmonious mind-body connection and development of the Vajra Body.  Breath is the transformation tool in all these aspects of basic and advanced Buddhist practice. 

We begin with breath, and breath sustains and transforms us. To breathe is to awaken freedom. 

May All Beings Benefit!

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About the Author

Nashalla Gwyn Nyinda TMD, LMT began the study of Tibetan Medicine in 1999 and started treating with permission in 2004. She was then encouraged by her teacher, VV Thrangu Rinpoche, to complete her medical studies continuing in India. Nashalla earned her Menpa degree (Doctor of Tibetan Medicine) from Qinghai Tibetan Medical College, Tibet and The Shang Shung Institute of Tibetan Medicine in 2009. She has an Interdisciplinary Studies BA from Naropa University, with a focus on Asian Medicines and Buddhist Psychology. She has taught these techniques worldwide to Tibetan and western students, practitioners, and doctors, and is an Adjunct Professor at Naropa. Nashalla and husband, Dr. Tsundu S. Nyinda, operate the Tibetan Medicine & Holistic Healing Clinic in Boulder, Colorado.